What type of cells receive, integrate, and transmit information in the nervous system?

Neurons are specialized cells in the nervous system that play a critical role in receiving, integrating, and transmitting information. They are unique in their structure, consisting of a cell body, dendrites, and an axon that facilitate communication. Dendrites receive signals from other neurons, the cell body processes this information, and the axon transmits the electrical impulses to other neurons, muscles, or glands. This specialized functionality enables neurons to form complex networks, allowing for the intricate processing and relay of information essential for various bodily functions, reflexes, and cognitive processes.

Glial cells provide support, nutrition, and protection to neurons but do not transmit information themselves. Muscle cells are involved in contraction and movement, while epithelial cells serve protective and absorptive functions in tissues but are not involved in information processing within the nervous system. Understanding the role of neurons is fundamental in the study of how the nervous system operates and integrates various signals.